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Role of Potassium Channels in the Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone
Bencze, Michal ; Zicha, Josef (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
In smooth muscle cells, potassium channels play an important role in the regulation of the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells, which is closely related to vascular tone. Four different types of K+ channels have been described in vascular smooth muscle cells. Voltagegated K+ channels (KV), which can be open by depolarization. Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa), from the same gene family, are voltage dependent, and can be activated also by elevated concentration of intracellular Ca2+. Inward rectifying channels (KIR) display negative slope conductance. These channels amplify potassium flow and function as an extracellular K+ sensor. ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) channels provide a link between cell metabolism and membrane potential. Function of K+ channels is also important in endothelium, which produces many vasodilatators and vasoconstrictors. Abnormal expression profile of K+ channels is part of vascular cell membrane remodeling.
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Relationship between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the heart and its influence during 5°C cold acclimation.
Hlaváčová, Diana ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Heleš, Mário (referee)
Heart as one of the life-important organs is influenced by many ongoing processes in organism. Even the smallest molecular changes can importantly influence heart's physiology and activity. Last years, there were many studies concentrating on clarification of renin-angiotensin- aldosteron system (RAAS) and its influence on heart and kidneys. Cardiovascular diseases are usually caused by changes in RAAS and that is the reason why more and more experts are examining the extent to which diseases can be prevented and heart function improved. Ambient temperature is one of the factors that greatly affects the RAAS and the heart. In this thesis I tried to summarize current knowledge about RAAS and its effects on organism, focusing on influencing the physiology of the heart. While ambient temperature has significant effect on the RAAS and the heart, this thesis points to the knowledge associated with cold acclimation at 5 řC. Key words: renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system, heart, cold, hypertension, adrenergic receptors, natriuretic peptides
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Role of Potassium Channels in the Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone
Bencze, Michal ; Zicha, Josef (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
In smooth muscle cells, potassium channels play an important role in the regulation of the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells, which is closely related to vascular tone. Four different types of K+ channels have been described in vascular smooth muscle cells. Voltagegated K+ channels (KV), which can be open by depolarization. Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa), from the same gene family, are voltage dependent, and can be activated also by elevated concentration of intracellular Ca2+. Inward rectifying channels (KIR) display negative slope conductance. These channels amplify potassium flow and function as an extracellular K+ sensor. ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) channels provide a link between cell metabolism and membrane potential. Function of K+ channels is also important in endothelium, which produces many vasodilatators and vasoconstrictors. Abnormal expression profile of K+ channels is part of vascular cell membrane remodeling.
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